In ancient times, many civilizations used this process on their ships to convert sea water into drinking water. Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph. Single slope solar water still sultan qaboos university. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical. The rig is built within the framework of investigations on the development and improvement of the static still, most important, the dynamic solar water desalination methods. A solar still is a simple device primarily used to obtain potable water from salinebrackish water. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. A solar still distills water using energy from the sun.
Comparative cost of compact nature of solar stills like single slope, double slope and wick type solar. An overview of solar thermal desalination technologies. The latent heat dissipated during condensation at the front layers are repeatedly recycled for evaporation at the back layers to increase overall desalination productivity. Multi effect solar still mes has a stack of multiple layers for evaporation and condensation. Application on the sea water desalination of fouka. It permits the separation of the water constituents into salts deposits and distilled water.
An overview of solar stills and capillary solar stills are discussed in this article. Developing a compact, productive, and easytooperate system is a main challenge. Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification.
Simple, lowdose, durable, and carbonnanotubebased floating. Solar distillation of water florida solar energy center. A transpiration bag is another option that would help supplement a water supply. Effect of glass inclination angle on solar still performance. Using a solar energy in water desalination system is regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve the problem of freshwater shortages in this world. However, the challenge remains to prevent salt accumulation while simultaneously maintaining heat localization. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunl. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation. The cntsfss is composed of a surface layer of cnts to absorb solar light, a thermal barrier layer of polyurethane sponge pus to avoid the heat transfer into the underneath bulk water, and a water transport channel of airlaid.
Solar still background solar distillation is a tried and true technology. Solar desalination is particularly wellsuited for backyard exper imentation by individuals with little or no technical training. Malaeb2 3 1civil and environmental engineering, faculty of engineering and architecture, 4 american university of beirut, bliss street, beirut, lebanon 5 2 water desalination and reuse research center, king abdullah university of science and technology. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. Abstractincreasing the productivity of solar stills has been the focus of intensive research. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. Despite of high efficiency and long history, mes has not been widely used yet, because of relative high cost.
That activity conducted preliminary testing of the suns river solar desalination process and identified several areas for further exploration and testing. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Large scale solar desalination using multi effect humidification by alan williams, 2004 summary a theoretical proposal is outlined for large scale solar desalination using multi effect humidification. Other scientists and naturalists used stills over the coming centuries including della porta 1589, lavoisier 1862, and. The bottom inner surface of the base unit is painted black. Reducing salt water to its basic elements salt and water is so simple that its become a science lesson for firstgraders. Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of passive solar. It is also generally observed that the solar irradiance is at its peak during adversities famine related to water shortage thus making solar still a much viable desalination technology.
Single slope still gave better performance 2 solar thermal desalination technologies the existing solar thermal desalination technologies are described and discussed below. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation. Sep 17, 2012 how to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. Solar and wind opportunities for water desalination in the arab regions, renewable sustainable. Solar still, simplest technology for solar desalination. Solar distillation systems have been found economically feasible in desalination of saline water.
Its principle of operation is the greenhouse effect. In the third topic area, projects will develop integrated solar thermal desalination systems that can improve system efficiencies and reduce the levelized cost of water lcow. A solar still is an artificial water purifier that imitates the natural mechanism used by nature to purify water. A saltrejecting floating solar still for lowcost desalination. Ultrahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized. A thermal model for predicting the performance of a solar still with. Therefore, there is a strong need to enhance the efficiency of a traditional single slope solar. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. The experimental tests were conducted for five months in the city of kirkuk, north of iraq, at 43.
Introduction many developing countries show an increasing interest to the sea water and brackish water desalination by solar distillation. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Simply fill a large bowl with salt water and set an empty glass at the center. The updated suns river solar still operated with nighttime recovery of distillate from heated cooling water resulting in regeneration of the next days cooling water. The projects aim to make improvements to current stateoftheart and nearcommercial systems, produce repeatable results, and include. A schematic diagram of typical basin type solar still is shown in figure 1. The heart of capillary still is a fabric woven or nonwoven which facilitates rapid evaporation of water at minimum heating. It involves the use of a large area solar collector, multi effect distillation and boiling at reduced pressure. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a water. Recently, floating structures for solar evaporation have been proposed, employing the concept of interfacial solar heat localization as a highefficiency approach to desalination.
How much water can the device produce, and is it still salty at all. A simple, lowdose, durable, and carbon nanotubebased floating solar still cntsfss has been prepared for seawater desalination based on interfacial solar heating. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of passive solar desalination. Solar stills are the most widely analyzed desalination systems. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Kasturi bai department of bioenergy, school of energy, environment and natural resources, madurai kamaraj university, madurai 625 021, tamil nadu, india tel. Distillation desalination is one of mankinds earliest forms of water treatment, and it is still a popular treatment solution throughout the world today. Like the natural hydrological cycle, the sun drives the process of purification.
A solarstill is a simple device primarily used to obtain potable water from salinebrackish water. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Pdf developments in solar still desalination systems.
It is also generally observed that the solar irradiance is at its peak during adversities famine related to water shortage thus making solarstill a much viable desalination technology. Desalination 230 2008 5161 performance study on solar still with enhanced condensation k. The structure that houses the process is known as a solar still and although the size, dimensions, materials, and configuration are. A water desalination test rig was built in kirkuk city comprising a threestage metallic stills coupled with a satellite solar collector.
The still consisted mainly of a base unit, made from galvanized steel, and a glass cover. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. In my opinion the current solar still designs are not a viable option for water procurement. A new type of seawater desalination plants using solar energy. However, the challenge remains to prevent salt accumulation while. Free of cost, nonpolluting, nonexhaustible solar energy is used to produce distilled water inside a solar still. How can seawater from the oceans be turned into fresh water that is suitable for people to drink. Solar distillation uses simple device called solar distillates in a process similar to the natural evaporation of water by sun heat. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of. Special methods and types used in solar desalination are introduced, providing new thoughts, concepts, and feasible solutions in the desalination field, along with the thermal and economic efficiency relating to current technology. The major shift in design equipment was changing from a single large structure to modular structures designed and sized to facilitate mass.
Pdf solar still desalination uses a sustainable and pollutionfree source to produce highquality water. Solar desalination projects will reduce the lcow by lowering the lcoh, which will result in more efficient desalination processes and lower overall capital and integration costs for solarthermal desalination. Experimental and theoretical approaches were carried out to design and test multistage solar still. Unlike other forms of water purification it can turn salt or brackish water into fresh drinking water i. In areas where a solar still or a transpiration bag would be needed such as arid desert regions, the water produced is not sufficient for long term survival. Solar stills solar still is possibly the oldest method of desalination of water. Study into solarstill performance under sealed and unsealed. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Passive vapor generation systems with interfacial solar heat localization enable highefficiency lowcost desalination. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. Another environmental impact is the fact that solar energy is used instead of gas, oil or electricity to desalinate seawater.
Malaeb2 3 1civil and environmental engineering, faculty of engineering and architecture, 4 american university of beirut, bliss street, beirut, lebanon. Productivity enhancement of solar still with pv powered heating. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. The sun evaporates dirty water which is then cooled and collected in pure form. The operating principle the operating principle of a solar still used for water desalination involves phase change water avapor. In fact, a solar still can turn salt water into fresh water in just a few days. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. This paper describes a sustainable modification of the. How to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project.
Solar energy is available, free cost and nonextinguishing in nature. Solar distillation is the use of solar energy to evaporate water and collect its condensate within the same closed system. A classification of the solar still systems was made in order to explain. Capillary still, desalination, solar still introduction. Ultrahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized multistage solar still. Even when the watercone becomes old and tarnished, it can still be used to collect rain water, as a roof panel or container for other goods. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination. A one square meter single slope solar water still with solar preheater system was designed and fabricated. Ultr ahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized multistage solar still the mit faculty has made this article openly available. Wshape solar still on concrete with two channel low cost lshape solar still by using wooden strips and aluminum channel l shape solar still was developed with plastic glazing on soil for distilled water output through single channel. In this science project, you will make a solar desalination apparatus using readily available materials, and a power source that is free. Were here to help you navigate stem learning at home while schools are closed due to covid19. Many introduced developments, however, require complex components and entail notable increases in cost and land requirements. Around 97% of the water in the world is in the oceans, approximately.
Solar energy can be used either for seawater desalination by producing the thermal energy required to drive the phase change processes or by. Performance study on solar still with enhanced condensation. Solar stills consist of an airtight space, in which salt water evaporation and vapor condensation are performed simultaneously. One type of solar desalination unit is a solar still, it is also similar to a condensation trap. The simple technology for direct desalination is by utilizing a solar still, where the heat collection and the distillation are achieved in the same.
A solar still desalination system with enhanced productivity. Study into solarstill performance under sealed and. It is a simple and costeffective lowcarbon technology. Solar energy desalination technology explains how to obtain clean water from sea water using solar energy. The first known use of stills dates back to 1551 when it was used by arab alchemists.