Understanding communication in second language classrooms. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition. The early years literacy pro gramme eylp, reading and writing workshops, and readers theatre rt. Classroombased evaluation in second language education by fred genesee and john a. Naturalistic language learning and classroom language learning. Challenges encountered by learners of english as a second language. While most current theory may still not be the final word on second language acquisition, it is hoped that teachers will use the ideas in this book as another source alongside of their classroom and languagelearning experiences. Discuss, with reference to second language acquisition theory and research findings. Here you can find english as a second language esl interactive and downloadable worksheets. Second language acquisition and second language learning.
Childrens literature in second language education covers such topics as extensive reading, creative writing in the language classroom, the use of picturebooks and graphic novels in second language teaching and the potential of childrens literature in promoting intercultural education. Teachers from second language learning countries are creating innovative methodologies to teach the language in the classroom effectively. Informed use of the mother tongue in the english language. This article investigates the importance and rationale for giving clear instructions in the secondlanguage classroom and provides techniques for giving effective instructions. Issues and strategies for second language classrooms by jo ann aebersold and mary lee field extensive reading in the second language classroom by richard r. It synthesizes and evaluates critical research about the way student and teacher behaviors affect language learning, and discusses research methods. Informed use of the mother tongue in the english language classroom chris wharton. A summary of stephen krashens principles and practice in. This is a brief description of krashens widely known and well accepted theory of second language acquisition, which has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and teaching since the 1980s. But the key point to make about these recent trends is that they rarely illustrate. Issues and strategies for second language classrooms by jo ann aebersold and mary lee field extensive reading in the second language classroo richardm by. Methods in second language classroomoriented research. Secondlanguage acquisition, social interaction, and the. However, in a language classroom the teacher and students should share responsibility.
Attitude and aptitude in second language acquisition and learning 19 3. The potential of the second language classroom 58 b. Reflective teaching in second language classrooms by jack c. Then, i will present a synthesis of the main features of the foreign language classroom followed by reference to the distinctive aspects of classroom management in foreign language education. Mckay researching second language classrooms egbertpetrie, eds. A comprehensive guide nunan, david, bailey, kathleen m. The issue of the use of students first language l1 in the second language l2 classroom has been debated for many years. English as a second language esl interactive worksheets.
Learning english as a second language is even less easy. As teachers of second language learners, we must have a basic working knowledge base regarding the process that language learners go. It contains both handson material directly applicable to the. Six key strategies for teachers of englishlanguage learners the new teacher center ntc was established in 1988 at the university of california at santa cruz, with the goal of supporting new k12 teachers and administrators during their first two years in the profession. Another way of observing teaching and learning in second or foreign language classrooms is to describe classroom behaviors without a set of predetermined categories. Good instructiongiving in the secondlanguage classroom. The role of the first language in second language acquisition 64 6. Communication strategies in speaking english as a foreign. Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice adamson language minority students in american schools.
Results on the latter are used as a basis for suggesting ways in which the classroom can serve as a social and linguistic environment more favourable to secondlanguage acquisition. Instead, the observer takes extensive notes of the activities, practices, and interactions between teachers and learners. Writing theory and practice in the second language. The facilitator gives instructions, and you have a vague notion of what you are supposed to do, but you. Blended learning and second language acquisition in the classroom. Second language classrooms will be of vital interest to researchers, language teachers, and curriculum specialists, as well as readers with a general interest in education, linguistics, sociology, or psychology.
In 2006, barcroft examined the effects of word writing on second language vocabulary learning. There is an issue about whether or not the first language can be used in teaching and learning english. The article begins by providing a brief overview of aims and issues in classroomoriented research, before focusing more specifically on methodological issues in research. Read download extensive reading in the second language.
L1 use is a common occurrence in foreign language teaching contexts despite the fact that it often receives criticism for its interference with target language tl. If you know the students native language, pretend in the classroom that. Part i, a framework for understanding communication in second language classrooms, includes an overview of the. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition 64 traditionally, teachers shouldered much of the responsibility for learning in the classroom. Second language teachers as second language classroom researchers. Live worksheets english english as a second language esl classroom language classroom language classroom language match the classroom object to the correct action. She has conducted research in a wide variety of subareas of second language acquisition, including language transfer, language universals, second language research methods, and input and interaction. Applying innovative teaching methods in a second language. Listening in the language classroom was winner of the ben warren international trust house prize in 2008. Pdf extensive reading in the second language classroom.
We define acquisition and learning, and present the monitor model for adult second language performance. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. It seeks to better understand the nature of language acquisition by exploring linguistic, social and affective factors such as environment, motivation and age, and by examining the interrelation between the two processes. Following this, brief summaries of research results in various areas of second language acquisition serve as both an overview of monitor theory research. Chapter iii, researching classroom discourse, deals with methods that can be used to study the oral and written discourse of classrooms. The relationship between classroom interaction and language learning. The use of students first language l1 in the second language l2 classroom by meghan morahan the issue of the use of students first language l1 in the second language l2 classroom has been debated for many years. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. First language acquisition and classroom language learning. Classroom management in foreign language education. Day and others published extensive reading in the second language classroom find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pdf second language acquisition and language teaching. Researching second language classrooms sandra mckay.
New perspectives on call for second language classrooms. Blended learning and second language acquisition in the. Pdf positive psychology is a rapidly expanding subfield in psychology that has important implications for the field of second language acquisition. She is the authoreditor of numerous books, has served as. Writing theory and practice in the second language classroom. An experimental study with norwegian learners of english. Language learning journal, summer 2003, no 27, 4351. Six key strategies for teachers of englishlanguage learners. Challenges encountered by learners of english as a second. Checking the comprehension of instructions would appear to be an important strategy to use in the classroom and. Second language acquisition theory there are five key hypotheses about second language. Second language acquisition presentation script slide 1.
Particularly if you are learning english outside of an englishspeaking country. Effective delivery of instruction is an essential part of teaching practice, however it is a learned skill that is often overlooked in teacher training. Drawing upon this information, the book proposes a radical alternative to the comprehension approach and provides for intensive smallscale practice in aspects of listening that are perceptually or cognitively demanding for the learner. Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning 40 4. While significant professional development is necessary to gain a full understanding of second language acquisition theory, some key stages, theories and. Classroombased evaluation in second language education by fred gene see and john a. Introduction the language classroom may at first appear to be an inappropriate place to observe.
However in general, insufficient attention has been given to the issue of language proficiency in many tesol teacherpreparation programs. Language teaching strategies and techniques used to. Designed specifically for secondlanguage teachers, this text identifies and explores the various options for integrating a focus on grammar and a focus on communication in classroom contexts and offers concrete examples of teaching activities for each option. The use of students first language l1 in the classroom. Pdf teaching and learning in the language classroom. The title of valdes 1990 paper, the inevitability of teaching and learning culture in a foreign language course, may now reflect an axiom in secondand foreignlanguage l2 and fl pedagogy. A selected annotated bibliography this annotated bibliography on second language writing provides an overview of some of the major ideas and resources concerning the role of writing in the second language classroom. An understanding of second language acquisition can improve the ability of mainstream teachers to serve the culturally and linguistically diverse students in their classrooms. The use of first language in the secondlanguage classroom eric. Behaviourist learning theory and classroom language learning. Second language teachers as second language classroom. However, it is often found that the first language is used in english classroom to mediate foreign language learning.